Multi-Layer Dome Envelope with Thermal Buffering

The dome envelope is engineered as a three-layer composite system: an external PVC membrane, a reflective insulation film, and an internal plywood cladding. Two intermediate air cavities act as thermal buffers, significantly reducing heat transfer and maintaining interior temperature stability through a thermos-like effect. The system achieves an overall thermal transmittance (U-value) of approximately 0.35–0.45 W/m²·K, depending on configuration and climate conditions. The PVC membrane functions as an effective vapor barrier, preventing moisture ingress and condensation within the insulation layers. Moisture resistance is rated at ≥ 1000 mm water column (EN 20811), ensuring protection against heavy precipitation and humidity.
Acoustic performance: the composite structure provides an average sound reduction index (Rw) of 28–32 dB, depending on internal finish and additional insulation layers.
Compliance: all materials and assembly conform to EN 13984 (vapor barriers), EN 13501-1 (fire classification), EN ISO 717-1 (acoustic insulation), and EN ISO 6946 (thermal performance) standards, ensuring safety, durability, and energy efficiency in accordance with European regulations.